Week 2 - Basic and applied research / Conceptual approaches to the study of learning

    Hello, welcome back to my blog! During week two we finished the topics that we did not have time to cover during week one. These topics were Basic and applied research & Conceptual approaches to the study of learning.

(Resource found on: https://www.impactio.com/blog/the-differences-in-basic-research-vs.-applied-research)

    We learned that basic research on learning and memory looks to understand the more theorical and fundamental processes by demonstrating cause-and-effect relationships between key variables, while applied research seeks to address practical problems or issues using psychological principles and theories, both types may need to simulate certain situations artificially to get the expected result. Both types of research play critical roles in advancing the field of psychology and improving people's lives.

    Later in the class we also discussed about the conceptual approaches to the study of learning, which were the following: 

    Functional Approach: This approach focuses on understanding the adaptive functions of learning within an organism's environment. It emphasizes how learning enables organisms to effectively interact with their surroundings, survive, and thrive. This approach often explores the evolutionary advantages and purposes of learning processes.

    Behavioral Approach: The behavioral approach to the study of learning focuses on observable behaviors and the environmental stimuli and consequences that shape them. It emphasizes the principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. This approach often involves experiments and observations to understand how specific behaviors are learned and modified through reinforcement, punishment, and other behavioral principles.

    Cognitive Approach: In contrast to the behavioral approach, the cognitive approach emphasizes the mental processes involved in learning, such as attention, memory, perception, problem-solving, and decision-making. It explores how individuals acquire, store, process, and use information. This approach often uses methods such as experiments, cognitive tasks, and neuroimaging to uncover the underlying cognitive mechanisms of learning.

    Neuroscience Approach: The neuroscience approach examines the biological basis of learning, focusing on the neural mechanisms and brain structures involved in learning and memory processes. It seeks to understand how neural networks are formed, modified, and strengthened through learning experiences. This approach utilizes techniques from neuroscience, such as neuroimaging (e.g., fMRI, EEG) and neural recording, to investigate the neural correlates of learning and to uncover the underlying physiological processes.

Question for classmates: 

    How do you think understanding the different approaches to studying learning can influence our educational practices or daily lives?

Thank you for reading, hope you have an amazing day! 

References: 

    Terry, W. S. (1999). Learning and Memory: principles, processes, and procedures (5th ed.).

    Cambridge Dictionary. (2024). https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/memory