Week 12 - Storage and Retrieval
Hello welcome back to my blog! We skipped the entry from week 11 due to holy week, and on week 12 we continued covering the encoding chapter, but focusing on the storage and retrieval and also covering some memory disorders that affect storage and retrieval.
How do we storage information?
The encoding process involves the conversion of information from short-term memory into long-term memory through various encoding techniques. Short-term memory, with its limited capacity and duration, temporarily holds information before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory. Encoding strategies such as rehearsal, elaboration, and chunking help facilitate this transfer. Once information is encoded into long-term memory, retrieval cues help access it. These cues can be semantic, contextual, or associative, triggering the recall of stored information effectively. Together, these processes ensure efficient encoding, storage, and retrieval of information in the human memory system.
Types of memory:
1. Sensory Memory:
- Initial stage holding sensory information; brief duration, large capacity.
2. Short-Term Memory:
- Temporary storage; limited duration (20-30 seconds), necessary for immediate tasks.
3. Long-Term Memory:
- Permanent storage; virtually unlimited capacity.
Factors influencing memory storage:
1. Sleep:
- Essential for memory consolidation.
- Helps transfer information from short-term to long-term memory.
- Supports memory retention and recall.
2. Stress:
- Can impair memory formation and retrieval.
- High levels of stress hormones can disrupt memory processes.
- Moderate stress can enhance memory, while chronic or extreme stress can impair it.
3. Emotional States:
- Emotionally charged events are often better remembered.
- Emotional arousal can enhance memory encoding and consolidation.
- Emotional states during encoding can affect memory retrieval
False retrieval:
False retrieval, also known as memory distortion, occurs when incorrect information is recalled as if it were true. This phenomenon is often associated with the misattribution of sources or the incorporation of misleading details into memories. False retrieval can be influenced by various factors, including suggestion, leading questions, and cognitive biases. It can lead individuals to confidently recall events or details that did not actually occur.
Memory disorders affecting storage and retrieval:
Memory disorders can disrupt the normal processes of both storing and retrieving information, leading to difficulties in forming new memories, as well as in recalling past events or information, some examples are:
1. Specific Language Impairment (SLI):
- Difficulty in language acquisition and use, despite normal intelligence and hearing.
- Challenges in understanding and producing spoken language.
- Impaired verbal memory storage and retrieval, leading to difficulties in recalling words or understanding complex sentences.
2. Dyslexia:
- Common learning disorder affecting reading, writing, and spelling.
- Difficulty with phonological processing, making it hard to decode words.
- Impaired phonological memory, affecting the ability to remember and recall sound patterns.
3. ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder):
- Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
- Difficulty in sustaining attention and focus.
- Working memory deficits, affecting the ability to store and retrieve information while performing tasks.
4. Learning Disabilities:
- Broad category including various disorders affecting academic performance.
- Can affect memory storage, retrieval, or both, depending on the specific learning disability.
- May involve difficulties with reading (dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), mathematics (dyscalculia), or other academic skills.
Question for peers:
How do you think understanding memory disorders, such as dyslexia or ADHD, can influence your approach to teaching and supporting students in an English language learning environment?
References:
Terry, W. S. (1999). Learning and Memory: principles, processes, and procedures (5th ed.).
Cambridge Dictionary. (2024). https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/memory
Comentarios
Publicar un comentario